Differentiating the points of divergence between open-source software and closed-source software

Every software is developed using source code, much like a blueprint. Therefore, when buying or designing software, there are two options to choose from: open-source software and closed-source software. These software types originate from the source code used to create different platforms. What are the differences between these two types of source code? In this article, Rabiloo will examine both by comparing their differences based on factors such as security, cost, flexibility, and many others.

Source code is a collection of commands, lines of code, or files containing information that a computer program utilizes. The source code is often written in programming languages such as Python, Java, C++, and is typically a crucial part of the software development process. The source code can be compiled into machine code or interpreted for direct execution. It is usually stored in text files with extensions corresponding to the respective programming language (e.g., .py for Python, .java for Java).

Open-source software

Open-source software or OSS is computer software available, and publicly accessible on the Internet. Anyone can use it freely (copy, modify, delete, or even share) without any cost. This means that open-source software can be used for any purpose, depending on the user's needs.

In the early stages of software development when there were not many supporting tools, the community of engineers and software developers collaborated and exchanged ideas. They continuously shared solutions to problems encountered during programming. Additionally, most software systems created in the early stages were developed for schools and government agencies. Therefore, sharing information between software developers and users is essential to make these programs function effectively.

What is open-source software?

Open-source software, or OSS, has made significant progress and development in recent years. Modern software can leverage the benefits of cloud computing to enhance their platforms. Users play a more significant role in refining software by collaborating with software developers through cloud computing platforms and other innovations.

Furthermore, users can take advantage of unlimited resources of open-source code to store backups. With cloud platforms, businesses no longer need to worry about customer data errors or losses.

In summary, open-source software (OSS) includes a license that allows users to easily customize available software to meet their needs in any way.

Prominent examples of open-source software include Linux, VLC Media Player, Mozilla Firefox, LibreOffice, jQuery, etc.

Closed source software

Closed-source software, or CSS, is computer software where users do not have access to or view the source code. The source code is kept secret by the developers and is not disclosed. This means only individuals within the business or new software developers have the right to modify, develop, or view the source code.

Closed-source software typically comes with a usage license that includes specific restrictions and conditions. Users are only allowed to use the software under these conditions without the right to interfere with the source code or make changes. Updates and security for this software are usually the responsibility of the manufacturer.

Prominent examples of closed-source software include Microsoft Office, Adobe Reader, Shopify, Magento, Microsoft Windows, etc.

Comparison between open-source software and closed-source software

Usability

The usability of open-source software (OSS) and closed-source software has certain distinctive points.

With open-source software, their usability is often high, built and designed by experienced programmers. Additionally, these software are written and enhanced based on contributions from a user community. Their usage guides are usually detailed and comprehensive, helping users understand how to use them and explore their potential.

On the contrary, closed-source software may have more limitations in usability. Guides are often designed for software developers and may sometimes exceed general standards and structures. This creates barriers for ordinary users, not proficient in source code programming, reducing accessibility and the utilization of software features.

Access and Ownership Rights

With open-source software, users are granted access to view and modify the source code according to the license terms specified in open-source distributions. This creates an open and transparent environment where the programming community can contribute and collectively develop the source code.

In contrast, closed-source software often comes with stringent copyright policies protecting the source code from modification or illegal use without explicit permission from the software provider. Ownership rights usually lie with the software developer or the software development company, limiting access and interaction from users.

This difference in access and ownership plays a crucial role in the decision-making process for individuals and businesses choosing between open-source and closed-source software.

Licenses

When using open-source software, users will encounter licenses such as GPL, MIT, Apache, and many others. These licenses play a crucial role in establishing conditions and rights that users need when using this source code. For example, the GNU General License (GPL) requires any modified versions of open-source code to comply with the terms set out in the GPL license.

In contrast, closed-source software often comes with exclusive licenses, keeping the rights and usage of this source code with the developer or the software provider. These licenses often do not allow modification or redistribution of the source without explicit permission from the copyright owner.

Security

Security is a significant factor when comparing open-source and closed-source software.

With open-source software, security may not be as high because the source code is publicly shared on the Internet. However, vulnerabilities and security holes can be quickly detected by the user community. Due to the usage and participation of many developers, this community can frequently review the source code and continually implement new security measures. This is both a strength and a challenge for risk management, as too much community involvement can create security risks if not tightly managed.

On the contrary, closed-source software can offer strength in maintaining security, especially if it is controlled and managed by a small group of experts. The closed nature of the source can reduce the risk of attacks from the community and provide more robust control over security processes. However, this also means fewer eyes monitoring, and if there are vulnerabilities, addressing them may take longer.

Cost 

Open-source software is provided for free, allowing users to use and even modify the source code according to their needs. However, costs may arise if users want to use support services or advice from third-party entities. This creates a support and service business model around open-source.

Closed-source software typically comes with a copyright and requires payment for usage or purchasing associated service packages. Users need to pay to use and have access to the source code. These costs are usually set by the provider and may include providing updates and technical support.

Flexibility

Open-source software stands out for its flexibility, allowing users to customize according to their actual usage needs. This reflects diversity and creativity when users choose to use and develop open-source code. It also often adheres to industry standards, ensuring compatibility and easy integration with other projects.

In contrast, closed-source software often comes with pre-defined shapes and strict adherence to standards set by the manufacturer. This helps the provider ensure uniformity and stability in deploying and using products based on closed sources.

The choice between open-source and closed-source software often depends on specific requirements, priorities, and goals of a business.

Software Updates

Open-source software is widely publicized on the Internet, so it always receives continuous contributions from developers. This helps shorten development and update times. The flexibility and diversity of the community assist software providers in quickly detecting and rectifying arising errors. Through community desires, developers listen and efficiently add new features through updates.

Closed-source software has a slight difference. Software often has to wait until the manufacturer reviews, develops, and releases updates. This is a lengthy and time-consuming process, creating delays and reducing flexibility because users cannot quickly update or provide feedback to developers. However, with this approach, updates from the provider are often tightly controlled to ensure system stability and high security for users.

Control Rights

In the open-source software model, users are granted full rights with the ability to edit, copy, and redistribute the source code under the license of open source. This brings great freedom to the user community, allowing them to interact with and exploit the source code as they wish.

Meanwhile, in the closed-source software model, control rights are mainly held by the in-house software development team of the provider, and users are only allowed to use, complying with the terms set by the provider. This means users will have to rely on the software development team for updates or maintenance of the system software.

Conclusion

Thus, the decision to choose between open-source software and closed-source software often depends on the specific needs and capabilities of a business. Each type of software has its distinctive characteristics. In reality, many businesses opt to combine both models to leverage the maximum advantages offered by each type of software.

With Rabiloo's experience in consulting and implementing technology software for businesses, connect with us and chat with our experts to deploy the most suitable software application for your business.